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List of Standards

List of Standards

The list of standards (ASTM, BS and TCVN) which are commonly used in...

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Holiday calendar in 2024

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Upcoming Events

Upcoming events Date Location The 21st Southeast Asian...

Standard Penetration Test

Standard Penetration Test

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Precision or Accuracy ???

Precision or Accuracy ???

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Bulk Density

Bulk Density

1. Definition: A bulk density of a soil sample is defined as a mass per...

Compaction Test

Compaction Test

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Warning on Webpage Content Stealing

Warning on Webpage Content Stealing

On February 27, 2014, flatGEO Consulting Co. accessed to a webpage on...

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    List of Standards

    July 18, 2011
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    Holiday calendar in 2024

    October 2, 2011
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    Upcoming Events

    December 3, 2011
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    Standard Penetration Test

    December 12, 2011
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    Precision or Accuracy ???

    January 7, 2012
  • Bulk Density

    Bulk Density

    February 20, 2012
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    Compaction Test

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  • Warning on Webpage Content Stealing

    Warning on Webpage Content Stealing

    February 27, 2014

"Symbols and definitions used in geotechnical engineering" is quoted from "Lexicon in 8 languages" (the fifth edition) published in 1981 by International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.

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5. Practical Problems

a) Earth Pressure

Symbol Dimension Unit Measured quantity Description
 \(\delta\)  -  ° Angle of wall friction Angle of friction between all and adjacent soil
 \(a, c_a\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Wall adhesion, pile shaft adhesion Adhesion between wall, or pile shaft and adjacent soil
 \(K_a, K_p\)  -  1 Active and passive earth pressure coeffcients Dimensionless coefficients used in expressions for active and passive earth pressure
 \(K_o\)  -  1 Coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ratio of lateral to vertical effective principal stress in the case of no lateral strain and a horizontal ground surface

 

b) Foundations

Symbol Dimension Unit Measured quantity Description
 \(B\)  L  m Breadth of foundation  
 \(L\)  L  m Length of foundation  
 \(D\)  L  m Depth of foundation beneath ground  
 \(Q\)  MLT-2  kN Applied (axial) load  
 \(q\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Applied (axial) pressure  
 \(q_1\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Limit pressure  
 \(Q_p\)  MLT-2  kN Point resistance force  
 \(q_p\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Point resistance pressure  
 \(Q_s\)  MLT-2  kN Total shaft resistance  
 \(q_s\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Unit shaft resistance  
 \(H\)  MLT-2  kN Lateral force applied to a foundation  
 \(s\)  L  m Settlement  
 \(e\)  L  m Eccentricity Distance of point of application of force to center line of the base of the foundation
 \(\delta\)  -  ° Inclination of load Angle of load force with perpendicular to base of foundation
 \(k_s\)  ML-2T-2  kN/m³ Modulus of subgrade reaction Ratio between change of vertical stress on a rigid plate and corresponding change of vertical settlement of the plate
 \(N_c\), \(N_q\), \(N_\gamma\)  -  1 Bearing capacity factors Dimensionless coefficients used in expressions for bearing capacity as a function of \(\sigma\) and \(\phi\)
 \(i_c\), \(i_q\), \(i_\gamma\)  -  1 Correction factors for inclination Correction factors for the bearing capacity factors in the case of an inclined load

 

c) Slopes

Symbol Dimension Unit Measured quantity Description
 \(H\)  L  m Vertical height of slope  
 \(D\)  L  m Depth below toe of slope to hard stratum  
 \(\beta\)  -  ° Angle of slope to horizontal  
 \(\bar\tau\)  ML-1T-2  kPa Average shear strength mobilized along sliding surface  
 \(R\)  -  1 Residual factor Defined as: \(\large R=\frac{\tau_f-\bar\tau}{\tau_f-\tau_R}\)
 \(r_u\)  -  1 Pore pressure ratio Ratio between the in-situ pore pressure and the total overburden pressure: \(\large \frac{u}{\gamma_z}\)

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